Research News

Anemonefish provision food they don’t eat to increase size of host sea anemones

 Finding food for friends

Anemonefish seem to understand what food to feed their host sea anemones for their mutual benefit.

Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University / desk

Anemonefish, sometimes called clownfish, have been popular attractions in aquariums ever since Disney’s animated film Finding Nemo arrived in cinemas in 2003. Living symbiotically with sea anemones that shelter them from predators, the fish drive away organisms that nibble at their hosts. Anemonefish have also shown they will provide their hosts with the food given to them by humans, but does this happen in the wild?

An Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Science team led by PhD student Yuya Kobayashi and Professor Satoshi Awata found evidence of this feeding behavior during field experiments. They saw Clark’s anemonefish actively provisioning food to bubble-tip anemones, such as by attaching a clam they cannot eat to the tentacles of their hosts. For smaller food, the fish had their fill first before feeding the sea anemones.

“We also confirmed that feeding the anemonefish directly increases the growth rate of the sea anemones,” stated PhD student Kobayashi. “It is known that in other anemonefish species, the number of eggs laid increases when the hosts are larger. For anemonefish, which cannot leave their sea anemone, feeding their hosts is extremely important and will ultimately benefit themselves.”

Professor Awata added, “We believe that correctly understanding animal behavior will not only lead to the development of ecology, biology, and other fields of research, but will also provide appropriate methods for the protection and conservation of animals that are on the verge of extinction.”

Funding

This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (23KJ1838 to Y. Kobayashi and 22H02703 and 23H03868 to S.A.), JST SPRING (JPMJSP2139-RS22A027 to Y. Kobayashi), Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (2021-4082 to Y. Kobayashi), and OCU Strategic Research Grant (2019 and 2021: OCU-SRG2021_BR10 to S.A.).

Paper information

Journal: Scientific Reports
Title: Active provisioning of food to host sea anemones by anemonefish
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85767-9
Authors:  Yuya Kobayashi, Yuki Kondo, Masanori Kohda, Satoshi Awata
Published: 26 February 2025
URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85767-9

Contact

Satoshi Awata
Graduate School of Science
Email: sa-awata[at]omu.ac.jp

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